Oregon
Literary
Review
Vol. 2, No. 2

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Mary Anne O'Neil
THREE POEMS BY PIERRE EMMANUEL
Translated from the French


Pierre Emmanuel was the most prolific poet of mid-twentieth-century France, yet his work has fallen into oblivion, probably because he wrote long, very difficult works and because he was a religious writer.

The poems I have translated come from his 400-page poem, Sophia, published in 1973 by the Éditions du Seuil in Paris. The title Sophia alludes at once to the Gnostic belief in a feminized principle of wisdom and to the sixth-century Byzantine cathedral, the Hagia Sophia. In Sophia, Emmanuel celebrates women, both real and mythical, who have provided men with a path to spiritual salvation. The short poems I have chosen to translate are taken from the section titled "Hymne à a la déesse" ("Hymn to the Goddess"),a sequence of twenty-one poems found in the opening part of Sophia. Each poem contains thirteen lines written in blank alexandrines The same prayer to the goddess, a type of chant that recognizes her divinity, precedes each poem, The entire sequence is dedicated to Emmanuel's wife Loo. I have chosen poems #1, #7 and #11 because they demonstrate the variety of Emmanuel's styles, from mystical writer to philosophical and pastoral poet.

The opening poem of "Hymn to the Goddess" offers Emmanuel's belief in woman as the source of spiritual consciousness. The central image is light. In the first five lines, he prays to her for enlightenment, which will come in the form of a sudden revelation. Like a bolt of lightening, it will penetrate the soul and bring the poet into contact with the universal divine principle that infuses nature as well as the individual soul. The poem's conclusion evokes the biblical Garden of Eden and highlights Eve, the first female and the first incarnation of wisdom. For Emmanuel, the tempter snake is a positive figure because it initiates Eve in the quest for wisdom. The final line unites eroticism and religion, a common trait of Emmanuel's poetry.

Poem #7 is one of the most difficult parts of "Hymne à la déesse." The thirst evoked in the first line is the desire for self-knowledge, or authenticity. This thirst proves more complicated than the poet first imagines, because the search for the self leads him to confront sexuality and the body. The goddess is the aqueduct that brings water to quench the spiritual search, yet both she and the water are ambiguous. In the poem's final lines, the aqueduct becomes the human viscera, filled with dark liquids, and the goddess both the bird in flight promising transcendence and a bird of prey that destroys any possibility of transcendence. In the final line, the tangled entrails change into a thick shrub that hides the sun, the "eye" of heaven. In this poem, Emmanuel recalls both the English Metaphysical poets, such as John Donne, and the Late-Renaissance French Baroque poets in his complicated imagery that requires a good deal of mental gymnastics to understand.

The subjects of Poem #11 are old age and the approach to death. The metaphor of the wine harvest in the poem's first half presents old age as a positive time of life, when the poet is satisfied with his accomplishments and his erotic experiences. The second half of the poem then moves from a communal setting to a hillside, where the bare grapevines remind him that death is a solitary moment. Peace, the gift given by the goddess in this poem, infuses the poet in the final lines. The cairn at the closed end of the valley becomes a ship's prow and then a star , both of which guide the poet to heaven. Although Emmanuel lived his adult life in Paris, he was born in the shadow of the rugged Pyrenees Mountains of Southern France. His love for this land, its people and their work appears in all of his poetry and relates him to the nineteenth-century Romantic poets of France, Germany and England.

Mary Anne O'Neil
Whitman College


 

 

“Hymne à la déesse”

à Loo

 

1. Puissance qui es Conscience en toutes choses

Révérence à Toi, révérence à Toi, révérence à Toi,

Révérence, révérence.

 

Rien ! pôle incandescent dont l’incendie est l’Être

Cautère éblouissant la nuit de douleur bleue

Crépite, aiguille : innerve au nœud de sa ténèbre

L’éther électrisé dont l’écaille se meut.

Immense et nulle ! Fais-moi signe par surprise

Brin d’or dans la prunelle ou feu aux joues d’un mot

Fil de l’herbe aux reflets émoulus par la brise.

Ame du Ciel ! ta flamme affole ses rameaux

Vers l’extrême où l’esprit endure dans le vide

Rosée d’astres saignant des pores de ma peau.

Pour baume ardent j’ai ton ubiquité ô mère

Œil liquide coulée turquoise du serpent

Cuisses offertes au mystique foudroiement.

( Sophia, p. 53)

 

 

Hymn to the Goddess

for Loo

 

1. Powerful One, You who are Awareness in all things.

I bow to You, I bow to You, I bow to You,

I bow, I bow.

 

Nothing! Incandescent pole whose fire is Being.

Cautery dazzling the night with blue pain

Crackle and guide us: stimulate in the heart of darkness

The electrified ether whose outer shell is already moving

Immense and empty! Beckon, take me by surprise.

Oh You, speck of gold in the eye’s pupil, or blush in the cheeks of a word

Reflections caused by the breeze in a blade of grass.

Soul of the Sky! Your flame terrifies the tips

Of the branches where the spirit tolerates the threat of nothingness.

Starry dew bleeding from the pores of my skin.

For burning balm I have your ubiquity, oh Mother.

Liquid eye, turquoise flow of the snake

Thighs open to the mystical thunderbolt.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

7. Puissance qui es Soif en toutes choses

Révérence à Toi, révérence à Toi, révérence à Toi,

Révérence, révérence.

 

Authentique : ce terme en forme d’aqueduc

Combien d’arches sur l’infini de mes figures

Pour qu’à ma source je me boive lui faut-il ?

Et cette eau de si loin filtrée est-elle pure ?

Altérée par l’effort de l’être elle paraît

Douteuse aux lèvres altérées : une soif autre

La crache et s’y attise aux premières gorgées

L’inexhaustible se tarit au creux des paumes.

Tout aqueduc est vain qui n’est l’arc de l’oiseau

Portant d’un vol la source aux lèvres, la rapace

Jusqu’au ventre, pour en jaillir ! Ce qui en sort

Est noir, poisseux, lapé dans sa boue : les viscères

Buisson inextricablement d’esprit en cachent l’œil.

( Sophia, p. 59).

 

 

7. Powerful One, You who are Thirst in all things

I bow to You, I bow to You, I bow to You

I bow, I bow.

 

Authentic: this word has the form of an aqueduct.

How many arches over my infinite appearances

Are necessary for me to drink from the spring of my true self?

And is this water, filtered from such a distance, pure?

Changed by the effort of existing, it has a dubious taste

For parched lips: a different thirst

Provoked by the first gulps spits it out.

What was inexhaustible runs dry in the cupped hands.

Every aqueduct is worthless unless it be the arc

Made by the bird in flight that carries the spring to our lips.

You, Bird of Prey, plunge into the entrails only to re-emerge from them.

What gushes out is black, sticky, lapped up in its muddiness: the viscera,

Like a bush dense with spirit, hide the eye.

 

 

 

 

 

11. Puissance qui es Paix en toutes choses

Révérence à Toi, révérence à Toi, révérence à Toi,

Révérence, révérence.

 

Septembre. Les deux tiers de la vie ont passé.

L’homme et son ombre cheminent réconciliés.

Des chapeaux de soleil dans les vignes. Des filles

Jadis aimées vendangent la mémoire : bonne

Cuvée ! La porte est grande ouverte sur le chai

Le moût entête la saison, le cœur est gai.

Mais à mi-pente le versant devient abrupt

La terre remontée à dos d’homme s’assure

Par des murets. L’oubli seul y pousse, le seigle

Pierreux, moulu pour l’amertume de l’hiver.

Là, plus de rires. Le silence comme un cairn

Tout au bout de la combe étroite. C’est la proue

Haut soulevée la verticale de l’étoile.

(Sophia, p. 63).

 

 

 

11. Powerful One, You who are Peace in all things

I bow to You, I bow to You, I bow to You,

I bow, I bow.

 

September. Two thirds of life has passed.

Man and his shadow walk along together, reconciled.

Sunbonnets in the grapevines. Girls that I

Loved in the past harvest the memory: It is a good

Vintage! The door of the barrel room is open wide.

The smell of grape must prolongs the season. The heart is gay.

But halfway up the slope, the hillside becomes steep.

The soil heaped into mounds by man is held steady

By low walls.[1] Nothing grows here but forgetfulness, that gritty

Rye grass ground down by the bitterness of winter.

No more laughs there. The silence is like a cairn

At the very end of a narrow coomb.[2] It is the prow of a ship

Lifted straight up from the ocean, the sheer rise of the star.

 

 

 

 

 



[1] In Southern France, vineyards are often planted along the sides of mountains,. Retaining walls separate the rows of vines as well as add stability to the plantings.

[2] A cairn is a pile of rocks used as a marker. A coomb is a hollow, or small valley.